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Historically, the time in which a film underwent production tends to have a heavy influence on its elements and message. The era that the film was shot in naturally reflects the full production phase, whether it was the film’s image, sound or narrative. Casablanca is a strong example of a classical Hollywood production shaped by the year it was produced in. Published in 1942, Michael Curtiz’s masterpiece (as acknowledged by a range of critics) featured film protagonist Rick featured the redemption of Rick – performed by Humphrey Bogart – and his journey from emotionless barman to fulfilled rebel. A contrasting example can (but is not limited to) be Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now, a gem within the New Hollywood Genre; this is another solid portrayal of how the time in which production takes place is reflected in the film. In the 1940s, the film industry was making its first steps towards the controlled monopoly it finds itself in today. This was due to the rise and evolut

Spectator vs. audience A film study distinguishes between the response of social groups, collectives of people – an audience – and the response of the individual – a spectator. -        Spectatorship is concerned primarily with the way the individual is positioned between projector and screen in a darkened space -        The Audience ceases to exist for the individual spectator for the duration of the film -        Although the spectator is singular, a figure alone before the screen, spectatorship tries to generalise about how all spectators behave. Factors that affect enjoyment: -        Mental/Physical state -        Ideology/ Culture -        Who they’re watching it with. -        Quality and standard of cinema Preferred, Negotiated, Oppositional Preferred (or dominant) The spectator derives the meaning from a film that the filmmaker intended; these spectators are relatively passive. Negotiated The spectator negotia